How to Decarboxylate Cannabis and Hemp Flower

Decarboxylation 101

Decarboxylation is the key process to activate the cannabinoids in your THCa flowers and CBD flowers, transforming compounds like CBDa and THCa into their more potent forms, CBD and THC.

Without decarboxylation your buds won’t be effective since the acidic forms of cannabinoids (CBDa and THCa) can’t be taken in by the endacannabinoids as effectively as CBD and THC.

What You’ll Need For Decarboxylation

• Cannabis or Hemp Flowers: This can include stems, trim, and buds rich in trichomes.
• An Oven: A full-sized or countertop toaster oven with consistent heating is important.
• Grinder (Optional): Using a grinder helps in achieving even decarboxylation of the flower.
• Kitchen Tools: Metal baking sheet, aluminum foil or parchment paper to place the flower on.

Step-by-Step Decarboxylation Process

1. Preheat Your Oven: Set it to 220°F (104°C). Avoid higher temperatures to prevent the loss of cannabinoids and terpenes.
2. Prepare Your Cannabis: Grind your cannabis to increase surface area which makes for a more even heating.
3. Line Your Baking Tray: Use parchment paper or aluminum foil to prevent sticking.
4. Spread The Flower Evenly: Place the ground up flower in a single layer on the baking sheet. Make sure not to have any piles of flower.
5. Bake: Place the tray in the oven for 50-60 minutes. The cannabis should turn from green to light brown (and smell wonderfully), indicating it’s ready.
6. Cool Down: Allow the decarbed flower to cool completely before storing it to avoid moisture buildup and mold.
7. Store Properly: Keep the decarboxylated cannabis in an airtight container in a cool, dark place to preserve its potency.

Advanced Tips

• Cover with Foil: To trap terpenes and reduce the smell, cover your cannabis with foil while baking.
• Lower Temperature Decarboxylation: For preserving more delicate compounds, you can use lower temperatures (around 200°F) for a longer time.

How to Use Decarboxylated Cannabis to Make Cannabutter

Once your cannabis is decarboxylated, you can infuse it into butter to create potent edibles. Here’s how to make cannabis-infused butter, commonly known as cannabutter:

Ingredients

• 1 cup of unsalted butter
• 1 cup of decarboxylated cannabis
• 1 cup of water

Instructions

1. Melt the Butter: In a saucepan or crockpot, combine the butter and water. The water helps to prevent the butter from burning.
2. Add Cannabis: Once the butter has melted, add the decarboxylated cannabis. Maintain a low simmer on the stove.
3. Simmer: Simmer the mixture on low heat for 2-3 hours, stirring occasionally. Make sure the mixture doesn’t come to a full boil. The temperature should stay around 160-200°F (70-93°C).
4. Strain: After simmering, strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh strainer into a clean, heat-proof container. Squeeze the cheesecloth to extract as much butter as possible from the cannabis.
5. Cool and Separate: Let the mixture cool at room temperature, then place it in the refrigerator. The butter will solidify and separate from the water. Once solid, you can easily remove the butter and discard the water.
6. Store: Store the cannabutter in an airtight container in the refrigerator. It can also be frozen for longer storage.

Using Cannabutter in Recipes

Cannabutter can be used in any recipe that calls for regular butter. Simply substitute the desired amount of cannabutter to infuse your favorite dishes with cannabinoids. Always start with a small amount to gauge potency and adjust according to your preference and tolerance.

Terpene Boiling Points

Understanding the boiling points of various terpenes can help optimize your decarboxylation process to retain these beneficial compounds. For example, Linalool boils at 388.4°F, while Myrcene boils at 332.6°F. Adjusting your decarboxylation method to preserve these compounds can enhance the flavor and therapeutic properties of your final product.